Selim II
Manmud II
Tanzimat Reforms
Abdul Hamid
Young Turks
Mamluks
Muhammad Ali
Khedives
Suez Canal
al-Afgahani and Muhammad Abduh
Ahmad Orabi
Mahdi
Khalifa Abdallahi
Nurhaci
Kangxi
Compradors
Lin Zexu
Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
Cixi
Boxer Rebellion
Puyi
Ottoman Society for Union and Progress
Murad
Khedives
Khartoum
Muhammad Achmad
Banner Armies
Qing Dynasty
Hong Xiuquan